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Effects of an expanded cardiac rehabilitation programme in patients treated for an acute myocardial infarction or a coronary artery by-pass graft operation
Sophiahemmet University.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3883-468X
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2008 (English)In: Clinical Rehabilitation, ISSN 0269-2155, E-ISSN 1477-0873, Vol. 22, no 4, p. 306-18Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of expanded cardiac rehabilitation with multifactorial interventions on metabolic and inflammatory markers, exercise performance and on established cardiovascular risk factors. DESIGN: Single-centre prospective randomized controlled trial. SETTING: A university hospital. SUBJECTS: Two hundred and twenty-four patients with an acute myocardial infarction or patients undergoing coronary artery by-pass grafting. INTERVENTION: Patients were randomized to expanded cardiac rehabilitation including stress management, increased physical training, staying at a 'patient hotel' and cooking sessions, or to usual cardiac rehabilitation. MAIN MEASURES: Biochemical risk markers and exercise performance; follow-up was one year. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the two treatment groups in the changes of biochemical risk markers or in exercise performance. Thus, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol levels decreased from 3.00 (0.97) to 2.54 (0.66) mmol/L in the intervention group and from 3.20 (0.85) to 2.54 (0.63) mmol/L in the control group, fibrinogen levels decreased from 5.30 (2.00) to 4.25 (1.01) g/L in the intervention group and from 5.29 (1.89) to 4.33 (0.83) g/L in the control group and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels decreased from 3.04 (2.79) to 2.09 (2.13) mg/L in the intervention group and from 4.01 (3.49) to 2.39 (2.49) mg/L in the control group. Total workload (W) improved from 118 (35) to 136 (34) in the intervention group and from 117 (36) to 133 (39) in the control group. CONCLUSION: There was no further significant benefit in biochemical risk markers or in exercise performance among patients undergoing the expanded rehabilitation as compared to the control group which received usual cardiac rehabilitation.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2008. Vol. 22, no 4, p. 306-18
National Category
Nursing
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:shh:diva-93DOI: 10.1177/0269215507085379PubMedID: 18390974OAI: oai:DiVA.org:shh-93DiVA, id: diva2:301179
Available from: 2010-03-02 Created: 2010-02-25 Last updated: 2020-06-02Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Knowledge Acquisition in Patients with Heart Disease
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Knowledge Acquisition in Patients with Heart Disease
2007 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

The general aim was to evaluate different aspects of the knowledge acquisition process in patients with heart disease. Three different education programs were evaluated.

In Paper I 208 patients with systolic heart failure (HF) aged >60 years, were included. They were randomized to the nurse-based outpatient clinic or to the patients´ general practitioners (GP). The aim was to assess effects of a nurse-based management program – intended to increase the knowledge of the HF disease and its self-care – and relate the results to gender and cognitive function. The results showed that the nurse-based outpatient clinic has an important role in patient education, and increases patients´ knowledge about self-care and the disease. The results indicate that females have more to gain than men from such management programs. Patients demonstrating signs of cognitive dysfunction when in hospital did also benefit.

In Paper II 224 patients, aged <75 years suffering from an acute AMI or who had underwent coronary artery by-pass grafting, were randomized to intervention (an expanded cardiac rehabilitation program) or to control (usual care). The aim was to investigate the effect of an expanded cardiac rehabilitation program on psychosocial characteristics including depression, anxiety, and quality of life (QoL) in type D and non-type D coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. The results show that an expanded rehabilitation program significantly reduces type D score, improves QoL, and decreases self-estimated depression and anxiety in CAD patients in the highest quartile of type D score.

In Paper III and IV 182 patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) were included and referred to the nurse-based outpatient clinic. They were randomized to intervention (patients decided on how they should be informed and by which information technique) or to control (the nurse decided according to usual routine).

The aim in Paper III was to compare patient-based selection of information with nurse-based selection of information in patients with HF and to evaluate the effects on knowledge acquisition, QoL, visits to the outpatient clinic, drug therapy and readmissions. Patients had fewer visits to the nurse-based outpatient clinic and a trend to a more flexible diuretic regimen, if patients were involved in the decision on how to be informed. Both groups increased QoL, knowledge their doses of relevant medication, and readmissions did not differ between the two groups.

The aim in Paper IV was to compare patient-based and nurse-based New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification and its relation to grade of depression and knowledge acquisition in patients with HF. The results show a mismatch between the NYHA classifications performed by patients respectively by the nurse. Furthermore, patients in a depressed mood at baseline had more clinical events during the first year after hospitalization due to CHF. However, there was no difference in knowledge acquisition between patients in a depressed mood as compared to patients in a normal mood.

The conclusion is that information given at a nurse-based outpatient clinic has an important role in patient education. Females and patients with in-hospital cognitive dysfunction had the greatest gains Patients who are involved in the decision on how to be informed had fewer visits to the nurse-based outpatient clinic. The fewer visits did not affect knowledge, QoL, readmissions, or medical treatment in a negative way. Patients assessed a higher NYHA class than a nurse. Patients who were depressed had an increased incidence of clinical events during the first year after hospitalisation due to HF. There was no difference in knowledge acquisition between patients in a depressed mood as compared to patients in a normal mood. An expanded rehabilitation program significantly reduces type D score, improves quality of life, and decreases self-estimated depression and anxiety in patients with CAD in the upper quartile of type D score.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: Karolinska Institutet, 2007. p. 55
Keywords
Chronic heart failure, Coronary artery disease, NYHA classification, Depression, Type-D personality, Cardiac rehabilitation, Knowledge, Information techniques
National Category
Nursing
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:shh:diva-138 (URN)978-91-7357-257-6 (ISBN)
Public defence
2007-09-28, 09:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2010-04-27 Created: 2010-03-12 Last updated: 2020-06-02Bibliographically approved

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