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Cancerpatienters erfarenheter av hälsofrämjande interventioner mot fatigue i samband med cytostatikabehandling: en litteraturöversikt
Sophiahemmet University.
Sophiahemmet University.
2022 (Swedish)Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesisAlternative title
Cancer patients' experiences of health-promoting interventions against fatigue in conjunction with chemotherapy : a literature review (English)
Abstract [sv]

Bakgrund

Fatigue, eller kronisk trötthet, är ett vanligt förekommande fenomen bland cancersjuka, och såväl prevalensen som svårighetsgraden av fenomenet tenderar att tillta i samband med cytostatikabehandling. Fatigue har beskrivits i litteraturen som en av de allvarligaste biverkningarna av cancersjukdomar och dess behandlingsmetoder, i den mening att fatigue orsakar svårt lidande och kraftigt reducerar livskvaliteten. Fatigue är också ett svårbehandlat fenomen med en komplex bakgrundsbild, och det saknas god evidens för farmakologiska behandlingsmetoder.

Syfte

Syftet var att beskriva cancerpatienters erfarenheter av hälsofrämjande interventioner som syftade till att lindra fatigue-relaterat lidande under och efter cytostatikabehandling.

Metod

Detta var en icke-systematisk litteraturöversikt som totalt granskade 15 vetenskapliga publikationer inom området. Publikationerna hämtades in från databaserna PubMed och CINAHL, efter noggrant planerade sökningar. De sökträffar som erhölls genomgick en relevans- och kvalitetsbedömning, varpå de 15 artiklarna som slutligen inkluderades i resultatet genomgick en integrerad dataanalys. Datan samlades in från cytostatikabehandlade cancerpatienter och all data gällande fatigue var självskattad och utgick på så sätt från patientperspektivet.

Resultat

Denna litteraturöversikt sammanställde evidens om de hälsofrämjande effekterna av ett antal olika interventioner för att lindra fatigue. Interventionerna kategoriserades in i två huvudkategorier och fyra underkategorier, och de påvisade effekterna för varje typ av intervention diskuterades och sammanställdes i samband med dataanalysen. Exempel på typer av interventioner som togs upp i denna litteraturöversikt är instruerande interventioner och bevakade interventioner.

Slutsats

Fysisk aktivitet i kombination med avslappningstekniker visade sig ha störst effekt mot cancerrelaterad fatigue. En patientutbildande intervention påvisade en icke-signifikant förbättring av fatigue, medan resterande interventioner påvisade åtminstone en signifikant förbättring av fatigue i något avseende. Detta tyder på att interventioner som kräver ett mer aktivt deltagande har en större effekt på fatigue, jämfört med rent instruerande interventioner. Sjuksköterskan spelar en stödjande och vägledande roll vid omvårdnaden av fatigue, och kunskap om hälsofrämjande interventioner är en grundläggande förutsättning för att lindra det lidande som uppstår ur denna trötthetsproblematik. Otillräcklig eller utebliven vård kan leda till vårdlidande och ökat sjukdomslidande hos patienten, vilket kan beskrivas som en kränkning av patientens värdighet.

Abstract [en]

Background

Chronic fatigue is a commonly occurring phenomena among cancer patients, and cancer-related fatigue has a tendency to increase in both prevalence and severity during chemotherapy. Fatigue has been described in the scientific literature as one of the most serious side effect occurring as a result of cancer or the treatment of cancer, in the sense that it is a source of great suffering and a gravely reduced quality of life. In addition, fatigue is a poorly understood phenomena and is considered difficult to treat. There exists no good evidence for effective pharmacological treatment options.

Aim

The aim of this study was to describe cancer patients’ experiences of different health-promoting interventions during chemotherapy, which were intended to reduce fatigue-related suffering in both the short-term as well as the long-term.

Method

This was a non-systematic literature review which analyzed 15 different scientific articles in order to achieve the stated aim. The articles were retrieved after entering meticulously planned search terms into the CINAHL and PubMed databases. The search results that were found went through an assessment of relevance and quality, and 15 of the search results were included for analysis. The data in these studies were collected from patients undergoing chemotherapy for a diagnosis of cancer, and all data pertaining to fatigue was self-evaluated and was thusly based entirely on the perspective and experiences of the patients.

Results

This literature review compiled evidence about the health-promoting effects of a variety of different interventions in regard to the treatment of fatigue. The interventions were categorized into two main categories and four subcategories, and the evidence for every type of intervention were discussed and summarized in conjunction with the data analysis. For example, this literature review distinguished between informative and supervised interventions and discussed the evidence for those types of interventions separately. 

Conclusions

Physical activity in combination with relaxation techniques was shown to have the largest health-promoting effect against fatigue. One study, that exclusively studied the effects of patient education sessions, showed a non-significant reduction of fatigue, which stands in contrast to all the other interventions analyzed in this study, which showed a significant reduction of fatigue in at least one regard. This implies that more active interventions have a greater effect on fatigue, as opposed to purely informative interventions. The role of the nurse in the treatment of fatigue is one of guidance and support, and knowledge of these evidence-based and health-promoting interventions is an absolute necessity in order for the nurse to be able to provide good nursing care and relieve suffering in these patients. Inadequate care or lack of care can contribute to an increase of suffering in these patients, which should be seen as a violation of the patients’ dignity. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2022. , p. 34
Keywords [en]
Chemotherapy, Fatigue, Health-promoting interventions, Nursing, Suffering
Keywords [sv]
Cytostatikabehandling, Fatigue, Hälsofrämjande åtgärder, Lidande, Omvårdnad
National Category
Nursing
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:shh:diva-4447OAI: oai:DiVA.org:shh-4447DiVA, id: diva2:1655067
Educational program
Sjuksköterskeprogrammet
Uppsok
Medicine
Supervisors
Examiners
Available from: 2022-05-02 Created: 2022-04-29 Last updated: 2022-05-02Bibliographically approved

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